Revolutionary Europe: 1820-1850.
I. Preconditions
A. Material. Hungry Forties. Crisis of 1845-47. Artisans as the key revolutionary group
B. Political. Failed Restoration
1. 1820s. Post-Napoleonic Rebellions. Secret Societies.
Charles X
replaced by Louis Philippe and Minister Guizot
3. British Model
1820s. Allow trade unions, set up police
1830s. Utopian socialists, Primitive rebels (Captain Swing), Manchester Liberalism
Reform Bill of 1832
1833. Abolition of slavery, Factory Act
1834. Poor Law
1837. Victoria comes to throne. Will rule till 1901.
1838. Chartist Petition. Six Demands
1844, 47. Factory Acts
1846. Repeal of the Corn Laws
1845/6. Irish Potato Famine
II. French Revolutions of 1848
1. February Revolution. Banquet banned on feb.22, 1848 Feb. 25. 11 Republic Proclaimed. Role of Lamartine, Louis Blanc Universal Manhood suffrage, secular education, right to work National Workshops and the Labor Commission.
2. June Days Republic kills it own. Role of Cavaignac
3. 10 December 1848. Louis Napoleon elected President. Popular dictatorship, beginning of politics in a new key.
III. German rebellions
1. 16-18 March 1848, Students and artisans rise in Berlin
2. Frankfurt Assembly
3. Frederick Wilhelm restores the authoritarian monarchy
4. Liberalism loses, Nationalism wins.
IV. Rebellions in multi-national Austro-Hungarian Empire
1. March 13, Vienna. Students, workers, artisans vs Metternich
2. Five Glorious Days in Milan, March 18-22. Venice, March 22
3. Empire uses "divide and conquer" to defeat rebellions.
4. February 1849. Roman Republic declared. Pope flees.
5. August 1849. Hungarians under Kossuth defeated by Austrians and Russians.
6. Noodles Ferdinand replaced by Franz Josef. Feudalism ends.
V. Consequences.
1. End of romantic revolution. From barricades to unions and ballot.
2. New forms of counter-revolution. Politics in a new key.
3. Reforms. End of feudalism in Central Europe. Social welfare.
4. New role for nationalism and imperialism.